Cognitive And Support The Sensory Experience Essay

There are many theoretical perspectives which underpin and support the sensory experience, whom have based their theories around sensory engagement. Jean Piaget is one theorist whom believed that thought developed from actions. Piaget had four stages of development, these are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage is right at the start of our lives. Piaget stated that babies are born with many means of interacting and exploring their environment around them. (Goswami, 1998). According to Piaget, during the sensorimotor stage children build up a mental picture which is based on their sensory contact with the environment. (Introducing sensory-rich play, 2012). Along with Piaget, Maria Montessori also based her theory around sensorial experiences. However, unlike Piaget, she believed in a non-symbolic way. She argued that children have ‘sensitive periods’, these are times In a child’s life when their senses a re ready to learn and develop, she believed that we can support and encourage a child’s development if we are able to spot these periods. She believed that children’s senses come first in their intellect, and that adults have the role in providing new and exciting opportunities to promote a stimulating environment which will enhance learning and development. (Introducing sensory-rich play, 2012). Montessori believed that if a child is placed in an environment which is catered specifically to their needs, they canShow MoreRelatedSbins Show Evidence On The Effect Of Sbis1168 Words   |  5 PagesSome of the studies that investigated the effect of SBIs show evidence on the effectiveness of SBIs similar to sensory diets; however, these studies had poor methodologies and lacked rigorous intervention protocols. Only one study (FazlioÄŸlu Baran, 2008) was at the level I of the evidence hierarchy (Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Haynes, Richardson, 1996). The assessments used i n these studies to determine the presence of SPD, outcome measures, and intervention protocols varied significantly. TheRead MoreTo What Extent Do Cognitive and Biological Factors Interact in Emotion1338 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent do cognitive and biological factors interact in emotion? Example exam approach: In this answer I will discuss the interaction of cognitive and biological factors with reference to three theories. Psychologists have long debated the role physiological, cognitive and behavioural factors play in emotions. Originally believed to be a physiological experience, research now suggests that emotions are an interaction of both physiological and cognitive factors. Different theories debateRead MoreThe Importance Of Sensory Experience For Learning : Jean Piaget s Theory Of Intellectual Development882 Words   |  4 PagesI can recall my first experience getting burned, my Mom was baking a cake and she told me the oven was hot. I responded â€Å"hot?†,† yes very hot, so be careful near the oven or you can get burned.† Well I waited until she left the kitchen and I reached over and pulled opened the oven door. My face was very close and I could feel the heated air bellow into my personal space, â€Å"Whoa that’s what hot is!† I thought to myself. Looking back, this was a firsthand learning experience taught to me by my sensesRead MoreA Critical Reflection on Information Processing Theories of Trauma Response1613 Words   |  7 PagesExam number: CLPS11045 Word count: 1099 Introduction Cognitive theories that focus on information processing have been the most influential theories of trauma in terms of generating testable hypotheses and directing current treatments (Salmon Bryant, 2002). For this reason, we will attempt to critically evaluate this area of trauma theory with reference to other popular theories, the research evidence, clinical practice and developmental factors. Information Processing Theories of TraumaRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development850 Words   |  4 PagesHooper and Umansky (p. 307, 2014) define cognitive development as an individual’s ability to translate objects and events into a symbolic form that can be stored in the brain. Cognition can be measured with perceptual and conceptual skills. Perceptual skills are the connection between the senses and experiences. Conceptual skills are higher level processing, such as, making decisions and problem solving (Hooper and Umansky, 2014). Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Vygotsky’s SocioculturalRead MoreEssay On Autism727 Words   |  3 Pagesand the social communication and sensory processing skills of 21 (15 males, and 6 females) elementary students with autism. Participants were selected through a convenience sample. There were two phases of data collection done through an interrupted time series design. Data was collected from The Gilliam autism rating scale-2 (GARS-2) (Gilliam 2006) and the sensory profile school companion (SPSC) (Dunn 2006) were used to assess the autism characteristics and sensory responses (Ward et al., 2013). Read MoreMental, Physical And Body Aspects896 Words   |  4 Pagespossible, and in turn the behavior becomes erratic. One such condition that is directly connected to this mental situation is psychosis. Apart from affecting the mental condition, it also affects the sensory and cognitive abilities. Psychosis is defined as a disorder that causes one to have experiences that are out of touch with reality. According to Von (2010), this is not a disease, but just a clear symptom of a mental illness. Psychotic people have a tendency to have untrue thoughts, or are deludedRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1480 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity from a child’s day through recess depletion. This is creating an increase in off task behavior, decreased concentration, and poor ability to recall or retain information. We are creating a society that experiences increased difficulty with sustaining attention and performing cognitive tasks efficiently. In demanding more sedentary environments, we are preventing creative physical outlets for school aged children and a chance to build social skills. Globally, we are creating less productiveRead MoreEvaluate two models of one cognitive process1042 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Cecilia Nguyen Evaluate two models of one cognitive process This essay will be discussing one particular cognitive process: the memory by evaluating two models, which are the Multi store model introduced by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and the Working memory model by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974. The first model is the multi store model. It was first proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 and is a typical example of the information-processing approach. AccordingRead MoreHearing Lips And Seeing Voices By Harry Mcgurk1499 Words   |  6 PagesMulti-sensory integration is a process in which sensory input from one sense organ interacts with and influences how other sense organs process this same input, and how these inputs combine to produce a cohesive and unified perceptual experience (Talsma, Senkowski, Soto-Faraco, and Woldorff, 2010). A prime example of multi-sensory integration is the process of speech perception which combines auditory and visual inputs to form a cohesive and comprehensive speech percept (Nath and Beauchamp, 2012)

The Victimization of Teenage Girls - 1553 Words

What does it mean to be a girl according to society? How does society see it? In many countries, a girl is seen as powerless, uneducated, and too emotional to handle a man’s job. For example, women in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to drive. In the past, writers used to describe a woman’s role as the victim of many forms of discrimination in the United States of America. In other words, women were only involved in things that men thought were not important. For instance, women did not have any other role than being a housewife. They had to stay at home, watch the children, be responsible, and do all the chores. Nonetheless, American women got their freedom earlier comparing to other countries in the world. Now they are more independent, more†¦show more content†¦Kerry Cohen, as a practicing psychotherapist and writing teacher, provides in her book different resources and website where teen girls can get more information about these symptoms. Another second reason why teen girls are victimized is the culture of this society. Teen girls are told to be princesses when they are small. However when they are grown up they are told by their parents that they are too young to use inappropriate cloth. When they go out and meet other teens who wear sexy cloths, they are getting mixed feeling about it. Another example is when they watch TV they see girls in sexy cloths and they automatically think that it is right. The TV uses girls in bikinis to attract the audience. Even more, when teen girls go to school, they want to â€Å"fit† in their group of friends by wearing the same cloths because that is what they make them seem â€Å"cool.† Therefore, how they are seen by others is more important than anything. Image comes first. They must do anything to â€Å"fit in the Cinderella’s shoe.† Likewise, on the short story, Where Are You Going, Where have You Been written by Joyce Carol Oates, Connie wants atten tion at all costs. She enjoys when men are looking at her. Connies mother never agrees with her that she is beautiful. Instead, Connies mother criticizes her and compares her with June, her older sister. Then, Connie develops a low self-esteem because her family is not accepting her sexual admiration. For example, there is a part onShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Serious And Persistent Concern Facing Modern Youth Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthis letter, it will all come to an end and I will finally encounter freedom. In shock, Jessica s mom ran into the bathroom and found her daughter lying on the floor with an empty pill bottle, a knife, and a slit wrist. This bullied, suicidal teenage girl quickly turned the tables on all of her tormentors from a simple, yet painful action characterized as bullying..... Bullying refers to any physical or emotional action that s used to intentionally hurt or even terrorize a person. As stated byRead MoreHomosexuality for Males during Adolesc ence879 Words   |  3 Pages Hatzenbuehlers (2011) study showed that self-identified gay or lesbian youth reported an attempted suicide about five more times than self-identified heterosexual youth. Furthermore, after adjusting his data for other negative factors, like victimization and physical abuse, Hatzenbuehler (2011) demonstrated that poor relationships with friends and family remained strongly connected with suicide attempts among this population. Beyond the family, male teens reported experiencing bullying based onRead MoreFemale Participation And Gang Activities Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesFemale participation in gang activities acquired greatest attention due to its â€Å" sensational nature of the media s portrayal of girl gangsters (...). During the period of 1990 and of the new millennium† (need or not?) This attention (...) â€Å"has also contributed to a renewed academic interest in female gangs.† (Nurge_2003, p 1) There existed a â€Å"traditional view† (Hunt et al._2000) of female gang members, and it â€Å"contrasts sharply with recent public discussions about female gang members,Read MoreRoutine Activity Theory, High Risk Lifestyles Theory1144 Words   |  5 PagesSexual abuse is observed in every country in different age groups of females ,have more risk of getting victimized by known and from strangers too. Crime done by offender (teenage boys) influenced by peer group ,perform sexual assault This essay explains the application of routine activity theory in case of Rehtaeh Parson (victim) experienced sexual assault( followed by suicide) ,attempted by her friend (abuser and criminals). Routine activity theory basically originated from three theories:Read MoreBullying Persuasive Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pageswhen she committed suicide on November 4th, 2012 after receiving hateful messages on an online forum. Earlier in September Ciara Pugsley, 15 was found dead in her home in CO Leitrim after receiving hateful messages on the same online forum. These girls were in need of help, but once people realized that they were being harassed it was too late. Other times a person sends hate mail because they are unhappy with themselves or the environment they’re living in. That’s what happened to AliciaRead MoreFemale Crimes Are Not Biologically Capable Of Committing Crimes1204 Words   |  5 Pagesblame â€Å"family dysfunction, trauma, physical abuse, mental health issues, substance abuse, risky sexual behavior, academic problems, or delinquent peers†,( Bartollas and Schmalleger, 2015, pg. 95) however, both, boys and girls experience the same factors. But they are more common in girls. In this paper, I will discuss the causes of female juvenile delinquency. In my opinion, I think females offenders have experienced some type of abuse, depression, or have had a lack of family foundation which causedRead MoreThe Problem of Teen Pregnancy1335 Words   |  5 Pagesin disguise.† The issue of teenage pregnancy is affecting our society in innumerable ways and has become one of our top social issues of all time . â€Å"The latest estimates show that approximately 1 million teens become pregnant every year† (East, Felice, and Associates 1). With this high number of teenage pregnancy, it is no wonder that many authors try to exemplify this common subject matter. Katrina L. Burchett, author of Choices, accurately and effectively depicts teenage pregnancy among female adolescentsRead MoreEssay on The Problem of Teen Pregnancy1594 Words   |  7 Pagesin disguise.† The issue of teenage pregnancy is affecting our society in innumerable ways and has become one of our top social issues of all time. â€Å"The latest estimates show that approximately 1 million teens become pregnant every year† (East, Felice, and Associates 1). With this high number of teenage pregnancy, it is no wonder that many authors try to exemplify this common subject matter. Katrina L. Burchett, author of Choices, accurately and effectively depicts teenage pregnancy among female adolescentsRead MoreA Comm on Agreement Within The World That Deals With Men And Men1273 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent reasons for their actions. Mary Harris is a researcher and the author of â€Å"Cholas, Mexican-American Girls, and Gangs†, within her research she has conducted various interviews with females in gangs. From her research she has came to the conclusion that for girls, â€Å"Gang member’s behavior is determined by social structures and group culture by defining the perspective and attitude of the girl gang† (Harris 301). In other words, Harris is explaining that peer groups, such as gangs, to females tendRead MoreThe Safety Of Adolescents While Using The Internet1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Internet is quickly and widely diffusing into society as a whole, especially into families, as a result, a large proportion of adolescents have access to and make use of the Internet daily, (where adolescence refers to the teenage years of a person’s life). Statistically speak ing, surveys conducted by the YISS (Youth Internet Safety Survey) state that, 95 percent of adolescents studied have used the internet at least once in their lives and 83 percent of the adolescents surveyed have access to

Time - The Best Teacher free essay sample

One day when we went to the grocery store, I thought it would be a normal outing to buy food but it was different because I went with my father. Arriving at the store, my dad went straight to the wine aisle. He carefully read each bottle’s contents and took extra care handling them. I had no idea my father loved wine this much. â€Å"Jonathan, do you think you can go do the grocery shopping while I look at the wine?† he asked. â€Å"Uh, uh, I don’t-† I stuttered. â€Å"Please, son, I’ll be here forever if we don’t get something done.† â€Å"Alright,† I said, reluctantly. I never did like grocery shopping, especially when I was the one doing it! â€Å"Here’s the list. Have fun!† And just like that, he returned to looking at the contents of the wine bottles. Every night after dinner, my father makes his way to the pantry and takes out a bottle of wine as delicately as handling a newborn baby. We will write a custom essay sample on Time The Best Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He gets a wine glass and pours half a glass of wine. He then slowly moves toward his chair, sprawls in it, lets out a deafening sigh, and starts reading the newspaper while slowly tasting his ever-so-fragile wine. My dad loves his wine. One day while making a sandwich, I noticed the date on one of the wine bottles. I then ripped it out of the pantry and sprinted toward my father. â€Å"Dad, Dad!† I exclaimed. â€Å"This wine is way past its expiration date.† â€Å"Son, hold on,† he said. â€Å"No, you can’t drink this tonight!† â€Å"Wait, let me tell you-† â€Å"Would you like me to throw it away for you? Huh? Huh?† I asked. â€Å"Ha, ha, no. Let me explain something,† my father said jovially. â€Å"But -† I didn’t want my father getting sick. â€Å"Son, wait a second,† he said more sternly. I guess the possibility of my throwing away his wine had kicked in. â€Å"Son, some wines get better over time. The longer you wait to drink it, the better it will be. Although this may seem strange, it is true.† When I was young, I didn’t have any understanding of what this meant but now, looking back, this would have been very helpful to remember as I went through adolescence. In our society, we forget this simple rule: The longer you wait for certain things, the better they will be. But we want the best job as quickly as possible; we want to graduate from college in as few years as possible; we even speed through our homework just to chit-chat with friends. When we do this, we lose sight of the fundamentals. We are all so intent on getting to the next step quickly that we will do anything to get there. This has a negative effect on our society. We become blood-thirsty zombies trying to get what we want. In a job situation, we want that promotion so much that we will step on others. When trying to go to the right college, we will do anything to get in and when we rush through our homework, we may not study enough for the test, and end up failing. All these common situations have one thing in common: they could all be solved if we just took our time. When we don’t fully prepare ourselves for the next level, we become a society of people who aren’t ready, but want the rewards of reaching the next level. This cheats others who have prepared and deserve the job. We need to be ready for whatever comes, ready for the unexpected. Just as wine gets better over time, so will the things in our paths.

West Side Story free essay sample

In West Side Story the protagonist is the former leader of the Jets, Tony, who falls in love with Maria, who is one of the Puerco Ricans; their love is forbidden, just like in Romeo and Juliet. In this essay post-colonial theory, structuralism, semiotics and feminism will be discussed. As the film is set In the mid-sass this means that this was post the Second World War, marking the beginning of a new era. The Civil Rights Movement took place within this decade Of the sass.The civil rights are the rights Of citizens to receive equal treatment and be protected from discrimination and unfair treatment. There was a massive movement in America at this point, the African-Americans were in the spotlight for racial inequality and discrimination. In the upper west side of New York city it was classed as the ethnic blue-collar neighborhood. Stephan Shoeshine, the lyricist, was brought up in the upper west side of Manhattan amongst the blue collar society and gang warfare which is where the inspiration of its synopsis and setting has come from. We will write a custom essay sample on West Side Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In ethnic neighborhoods there was a lot of people that were in the working class that conducted manual labor jobs, which involved jobs like warehouse work, maintenance, sanitation, mining etc. The choreographer, Jerome Robbins, was born in the lower east side of Manhattan which is where a lot of immigrants settled and joined the American society, for example the Puerco Ricans.This could have been his influence in choreography, keeping two separate ethnic groups separate encouraging them to not socialize with one another and opening the audiences eyes to the reality of gang violence within society. Gangs mainly fought over territory of land, in West Side Story the gangs were split into the Puerco Ricans (Sharks) and the Americans (Jets). They would have rumbles, which is when gang members from each gang would arrange a particular place to fight, for example, a park, school playground, a courtyard etc.Rumbles could result in broken bones and in some cases death. Post-colonial theory is evident in the synopsis of West Side Story as there is rivalry and conflict be;men the two gangs. Post-colonial theory is about how the implications before and after colonialism which could result with liberation and oppression that could be ongoing. Edward Said is an American theorist, he discusses how the areas that migrants are forced to move in to, are made to make the migrants feel inferior to the native Americans who feel superior than them. Most professional humanists are unable to make the connection between the prolonged and the sordid cruelty of practices such as leaver, colonialism and racial oppression, and imperial subjection on the one hand, and the poetry, fiction, philosophy of the society that engages in these practice s on the other (Said 1993) This is evident in West Side Story where the Puerco Ricans enter the Americans turf and the Jets send the Sharks back to their own turf.The idea of otherness is evident in West Side Story where the sharks are Puerco Rican by culture but their nationality is American because they moved to America, however, they are willing to different and distinct from the Americans, allowing them have their own unique identity and keep their strict roots. This also suggests that both the sharks and jets are also totalities as they are culturally generalized, which suggests because they are distinct and different from one another they are inspired by the colonizers rather than the colonized.However, there is conflict due to their different cultural identities. The Puerco Ricans are essentialist because of their way of living and accents, they are also much more upbeat and have a more sociable culture compared to the Americans. illustrating asymmetrical divisions between the orient and the occident to the advantage of the west (Said 1978). Said is saying that conflict happens where there is conflict due to different cultural identities. His theory of orientation is where the west sexualities the east.There is a division and it is evident in West Side Story when the rumble takes place. This scene symbolizes and shows that people will defend their culture and territory by all means necessary. On the other hand, the Puerco Rican females try to assimilate and integrate into the American society. This is clearly evident when Anita and Maria sings America with some other Puerco Rican women. Homo Bah is an Indian heurist who suggests the idea of mimicry, where there is imitation from the colonized society and take on the culture of the colonized. Mimicry is shown in the song America.In this song they saying that they would much prefer to stay with their now new American nationality rather than sticking to their roots of being a Puerco Rican. The male Puerco Ricans choose to resist the American culture and stick to their Puerco Rican stereotypical social structure. The men suppress the females aspiration of integrating into the American society. Integration should be looked differently compared to being totalities. Spiral is a theorist suggests the idea of subaltern where the social group is politically, geographically and socially outside of the power structure of the colony and the colonial homeland.In West Side Story, the Puerco Ricans are the subaltern because they are on their own in a foreign land, which enables them to try to adapt to their new environment and surroundings leading to warfare with the Jets and Sharks. The love affair between the former leader of the Jets Tony and a Puerco Rican female called Maria causes an conflict and an immense amount of distress from both cultures. After the death of Bernard, it is evident that the resistance of integration begins to emerge properly. She posits not a monolithic idea of woman or brown person, but subaltern as a divided rather than transparent subject (Spiral 1988). However, one could argue that to not encourage our own cultural identities, can result in harm being done to our mental health and by having verbal and physical violence it can be very dehumidifying. Franz Fanons argues this as well as stating colonists inculcate a servile mentality upon natives (Fanons 1961) which is why human exploitation and further resistance to colonialism appends.During the rumble between the Jets and the Sharks the resistance to colonialism is present when the Sharks come onto the Jets ground. The Puerco Ricans are seen as the subculture by society as a whole for attempting to invade their territory which makes it dehumidifying. Bah suggests the idea of ambivalence, this is evident in West Side Story where both the Sharks and the Jets have opposite dimensions and perceptions within their cultural identities, which leads to conflict as mentioned earlier.Bah is concerned with the discourse of colonialism, how its language, metaphoric and Teutonic patterns struc ture the colonized as a stereotype to dominate, discriminate against and exploit them. Homo believes that there should be the idea of hybridism in society, where different cultural identities are accepted also known as multiculturalism. Hybridism is evident at the very end of the production where Tony dies and both the Jets and Sharks come to the realization and conclusion that no matter what difference is culturally they are still the same individuals and should accept their differences. For those who attempt to resist the imperialist ideology, therefore is necessary to work n betterments in strategies that tied to fragmentation and displacement, which can be a form of revolt against the seemingly monolithic, seemingly rational and materialistic authority of imperialism. (Bah 1992). The failure to recognize and accept different cultural identities of colonies that may enter a new territory, can result in a broken society of displacement where individuals are unable to adapt to idea of having a multicultural society which could lead to a lot of conflict.In this part of the essay Structuralism, semiotics and a touch of feminism will be discussed. In the terms of West Side Story, some would come to the conclusion th at the authors did not write anything really new, because their work has the same structure as Shakespearean Romeo and Juliet. Both introductions of Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story gives the audience a general outline of the story foreshadowing future events. The start of Romeo and Juliet starts off with a prologue where both families have been feuding for a long time and in West Side Story the audience is introduced to the two gangs and why these events are happening.There are some semiotics in the ere beginning of West Side Story. After the Jets leave the Basketball court they bump into the leader of the Sharks, Bernard. He is wearing a red shirt. After the Jets Leave Bernard, is still wearing his red shirt but the background behind him is red and he has left fist clenched hitting the wall. The fact that both the wall and his shirt is red indicates that there is a lot of danger and death for Bernard. His fists being clenched indicates anger and frustration. You can also tell this from Bernard looking straight into the camera, the look in his eye and his facial expression shows anger.Both West Side Story and Romeo and Juliet experience the theme of forbidden love. In the terms of Romeo and Juliet the first incident that set the story happened after the party, this is when Romeo meets Juliet for the first time and they fall in love with each other- love at first sight. This is the same in West Side Story, at the dance Tony meets Maria for the first time and they dance together, this romantic encounter is then abruptly broken up by the leader of the Sharks, Marias brother Bernard. In the neighborhood dance Maria is wearing a white dress with a red strip in the waist, white symbolizes rutty and innocence.Maria is sweet and naive. The red on her dress symbolizes love and can also symbolism danger because Tony falls in love with Maria and ends up dying, foreshadowing the outcome of the plot. In their first encounter Tony asks Maria is she is joking and she says l have note learned how to joke that way. Her brother Bernard and his girlfriend Anita try to shield her from trouble as people view her as pure and virginal. Reinforcing this imagery, we see Maria pray in front of the Virgin Mary and in Maria, Tony sings say it soft and its almost like praying.However, Maria tries to resist the able of purity as she tells her brother a white dress is for babies. In contrast with Maria is, Anita is opinionated, saws, charismatic and flamboyant. Anita wears colorful frocks, as opposed to Marias white gowns. Anita reinforces the feisty Latin harlot stereotype. Anita proudly asserts her sexuality, eagerly singing about how she goanna get her kicks and have a private little mix with her boyfriend Bernard in Tonight. The chemistry between Anita and Bernard is evident and their relationship is framed in sexuality.However, even though Maria and Tony sleep together, their allegations is constantly surrounded by dreamy words of love, commitment and marriage. In Tonight, Anita sings about sex and Maria croons about seeing her love and how the stars will stop where they are. Anita is portrayed as the Madonna, in A Boy Like That Anita warns Maria to stay away from Tony as he Wafts one thing only but Marias buoyant hope stave off Antas concerns. Another interesting female is the tomboy that longs to be part of the Jets is known as Nobodys later known as Buddy Boy.She hangs around with the guys, spits on the floor and insults women. She sees that male ender as far more desirable, instead of depicting gender variance or even trans-character, the Jets view her as a defective female. Some of the Jets taunt her so that no one would want to sleep with her. According to society and to the Jets, a womans status is dependent on their beauty, sexuality and desirability. In the Tonight, Maria is on top of the balcony and Tony is at the bottom of the balcony shouting for Maria. This is also a similar setting to Romeo and Juliet, where they are on a balcony.In both Romeo and Juliet and in West Side Story they both proclaim their forbidden love as they are both star-cross oversee. Tragedy is a common theme in West Side Story and in Romeo and Juliet; the lovers were forced to take their own lives or to be killed because of the fate and the actions of others. In Romeo and Juliet, one of the characters who is partly responsible deaths of both Romeo and Juliet is Table. Table enrages Romeo and causes him to kill Table, this brings out Romeos exile from Verona. If this did not happen, Romeo would have heard Friar Lawrences plan to keep Juliet from getting married.If he had known of the plan, he would not have gone to the vault and killed himself over what he Hough was Gullets dead body. In West Side Story, a character with a role similar to Table is Bernard. The killing of Bernard enrages Chino to the point where he takes out his gun to search and kill Tony. While the Jets are trying to protect Tony from Anita, they cause her to become extremely upset and says that Maria is dead. Upon hearing this, Tony leaves the drug store in search for Chino. When Tony eventually finds Maria, Chino kills him.This could have been avoided if Bernard had not gotten into a fight with Tony, so he would not have been killed. In conclusion, it is evident that within this musical there is a cultural difference between the Puerco Ricans and the Americans and with they way they treat their own kind. However, integration is taken for ease in todays society, people have different cultures but we are still the same individuals. This suggests that our current society could be universalistic as everyone accepts different religions within society, however, this is not always the case as different cultural identities can cause conflict.

Gamma Ray Penetration Of Lead essays

Gamma Ray Penetration Of Lead essays The amount of radiation that occurs to the matter depends on two things: what radiation is used. what material is used for absorption. There are three types of radiation; they are Alpha, Beta and Gamma. Gamma radiation has two types of radiation, nuclear which is dangerous and electromagnetic which is not dangerous. Gamma rays are the opposite of alpha particles in a way. They penetrate a long way into materials without being stopped. This means they are weakly ionising because they bend to pass through rather than colliding with atoms. Eventually they hit something and do damage. The only thing that block Gamma rays is thick lead and concrete. In the experiment I will be using lead. In 1896 Henri Becquerel was investigating materials, which glow when placed in an x-ray beam. Curious to find out if strong sunlight caused uranium salt to glow. It was clear that uranium salts emit penetrating radiation, which can blacken photographic film. More interested in x-rays, Becquerel passed the challenge of further investigations on to one of his students, Marie Curie. Within a few years, Marie Curie discovered other elements such as thorium, which are radioactive. One of these elements, radium, was found to be over 1 million time more radioactive than uranium. Photographic film can be used to detect radiation. Radiation was first discovered by accident when Henri Becquerel left some uranium on some photographic plates, which became fogged by it. These days photographic film is useful way of detecting radiation. Workers in the nuclear industry or those using x-ray equipment such as dentists and radiographers wear little blue badges which have a little bit of photographic film in them. The film is checked every now and then to see if it has become fogged too quickly, which would mean the person was getting to much radiation. The nature of radioactive radiation. Alpha radiation was s...

How To Use A Twitter Chat To Grow Your Audience

How To Use A Twitter Chat To Grow Your Audience Twitter has always been a quick and easy way to connect with other people and be informed.  You can publish your content and reach hundreds (even thousands) of people. Even better, unlike many other social networks, you can repost your original content several times to gain even more exposure. You can do more with Twitter than just share content, though. You can both  market your blog or business and make connections with top industry players from around the world. How do you do it? You get involved in Twitter chats. What Is A Twitter Chat? Youve probably seen a Twitter chat or two in your newsfeed. A Twitter chat is a conversation between a group of people on Twitter. To keep the conversation organized, a specific hashtag that fits the conversation is used on every tweet. For example, #SamllBizChat is a popular Twitter chat for small  businesses.  Everyone who participates will use that hashtag in their tweets, which makes a Twitter chat easy to find and follow. You can also follow a Twitter chat by using a website like TweetDeck  or Twubs. Finding a Twitter chat is fairly easy.  There are websites that have lists of Twitter chats, such as  Tweetchat,  Tweetreports. There is even  a  random Google doc  that has a ton of Twitter chats listed. You can also ask people if they participate in Twitter chats and which ones they like. Joining A Twitter Chat Joining a Twitter chat conversation is easy, once youve found one that youre interested in. As the tweets appear and questions are asked, hop right in and  answer a question. Thats all it takes! Dont forget to include the specific hashtag for the chat in all of your responses as you participate. Welcome! Thank you for joining us. Please remember on each tweet to use the hashtag #edchat Jerry Blumengarten (@cybraryman1) June 10, 2014 Most Twitter chats are  open, so feel free to participate. Its important that you are make comments that add to the conversation, though. Stay on topic and be respectful of the other participants.   Participating In A Twitter Chat The rules of participating in a Twitter chat vary depending on the type of Twitter chat you have joined. These different types of chats depend upon how they are moderated. Heavily Moderated A  heavily moderated Twitter chat will be in a question and answer format. The beginning of a twitter chat will begin with people introducing themselves. For example, if I was participating in #SportsPRchat then Id write, Hi, Im Krista and Im a senior @MSUM. I love everything PR related. So excited to chat with you all. #SportsPRchat The moderator will start a tweet with Q1, meaning Question 1. The proper response will start with A1, meaning Answer 1. There is no need to hit the reply button when you type your answer in Twitter. Just create your own tweet, start it with A1, and include the hashtag. That will make sure that your tweet is part of the conversation. You can reply to peoples answers if you have something to add or if you just like their answer. Q5: After the backlash online, was this a social media fail or an act of PR genius? The topic is still trending. (2/2) #SportsPRchat Pam Chvotkin (@reddusfoximus) June 4, 2014 A5. Epic fail team if they really wanted to keep name ! All they did was prove more people feel strong about changing it #SportsPRchat Ben Christly (@BenChristly) June 4, 2014 Lightly Moderated/Open A lightly moderated/open Twitter chat will be less structured.  Theyll usually start with a question or a topic from the moderator, and then its free rein. Theres more to a lightly moderated Twitter chat than just tweeting one answer. It is more like a natural conversation rather than a Q and A session. You can tweet your opinion without needing to start your tweet with A1 since no official question was asked. In an open Twitter chat, you are free to contribute to the conversation as it fits, which includes responding to what others have said.  If you like what they say, tell them. If you disagree, let them know. If you need advice relating to the topic, ask and people will respond. As always, be a respectful participant. #edchat Topic: With the hundreds of issues that effect teaching learning, what should be the primary focus for change in ed? Jerry Blumengarten (@cybraryman1) June 10, 2014 Twitter Chat Is A Marketing Tool Twitter chats are marketing tools, but they arent typical. They approach marketing in a direct manner and are highly conversational. A Twitter chat can be both business-to-business (because you are conversing with others in your niche) or business-to-community (because you are conversing with your audience). Here are a few benefits of a Twitter chat and ways to use it as a marketing tool. Connect and network in your niche using #TwitterChats.1. Twitter chat lets you interact with people. Twitter chats are all about interacting and networking with like-minded professionals in your niche as well as your audience.  They provide an opportunity to market your personal brand and blog, and educate yourself by staying on top of trends and changes that you should know about in your industry. If you want to build creditability and make new connections, you are going to have to respond and interact with people. It doesn’t take much. If you see a comment you agree with just reply and say, I agree! It could be as simple as that, letting them know you are interested. 2. Twitter chat promotes your blog. Twitter chats are a great opportunity to promote your blog. If you wrote a blog post about a specific topic and there just so happens to be a Twitter chat on that topic, then it would be a good idea to mention your post. Just make sure it is something that is valuable to the conversation.  If its a lightly moderated chat, some people may ask questions that your blog answers. Reach out and personally invite them to take a look at it. When promoting your blog in a Twitter chat, though, dont be overly aggressive. You wouldnt want to say A1. I wrote a blog post on this topic. Read it. Its important to build relationships and trust. Find a person who needs some advice, give them some advice and mention they can read more at the blog post you wrote about the topic. That shows you care about their concern and genuinely want to help them. 3. Twitter chat builds credibility. Honestly, you dont need to mention your blog too often. Just participate in a twitter chat and provide relevant and valuable information. Interact with other participants. If you are building relationships and providing valuable information, people will begin to trust you. Then when they find out you have a blog, they will be more likely to read it. They know the writer and they know the writer knows what theyre writing about. 4. Twitter chat is a good way to learn. Twitter chats can connect you with people that are in your profession from around the world.   It gives you an opportunity to learn from  people who are true experts in their field.  Stay up to date in your industry and keep up with current trends, technology, and best practices. A Twitter chat is a great way to stay relevant. You can also discuss things with people who have experienced things that you haven’t experienced. For example: people deciding whether or not to study abroad can read and interact with people in a Twitter chat dedicated to studying abroad on a budget.

Why strong economies should support countries weak economies Essay

Why strong economies should support countries weak economies - Essay Example The paper tells that aiding underdeveloped countries by the industrialized countries is a very noble character since human nature is protecting and helping others. It is therefore worth understanding that helping poor countries is an internationally common practice whose main motive is based on moral obligation. Aiding underdeveloped nations act as an additional resource that empowers countries to develop themselves economically by financing their own projects. A humanitarian concern is the main reason behind helping poor countries. Funds or any aid offered to an underdeveloped country by the industrialized nation may assist in carrying out very important projects and programs such as elimination or reduction of diseases and poverty. This is because most poor countries are not able to raise funds that can help them in undertaking such kind of programs. Aiding is important because ‘It’s a necessity in eradicating third world poverty’. Availability of cheap labor in the Asian and other colonized countries as well as slavery catapulted economic development of the developed countries. Also, for harmony and peaceful coexistence, industrialized nations should act responsibly by helping the poor countries. It should be noted that ‘it is a moral duty to help those less fortunate than you’. Assistance by the rich countries may also be accompanied with technological transfer particularly when the aid is technical in nature and this may be of great help in boosting the economic growth of the underdeveloped countries. Moreover, the aid may come with training and education that may be of great use in promoting various infrastructural and human developments that are useful in propagating economic growth. Indeed ‘aid helps train teachers, buy textbooks for school’. Issuing aids further help in promoting the relationship between the developed and underdeveloped countries. By supporting countries experiencing financial difficulties, the strong economies tend to exercise equality in various sectors such as education, clean water, and healthcare. Supporting education and healthcare programs may boost literacy and health levels thus enhancing harmony in global development and reduces diseases and infections which may perhaps spread to the rich countries if proper treatment is not taken. Even for countries that do not need aid ‘at the end of the day, it is a matter of life and death’. On the other hand, giving an aid may not be the best thing to do to underdeveloped countries because of several negative effects and intentions it has on the underdeveloped nations.

Theories of Nationalism and Ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Theories of Nationalism and Ethnicity - Essay Example This is what they call the â€Å"Toyota Way†. Whatever characteristics it may carry, it must be systemic, truly lasting and valuable to them. Along this line, the main concern of this paper is the Japanese ethnicity prominent in the Japanese-based Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). The intended framework is to scrutinize the uniqueness of the much researched management style_ the â€Å"Toyota Way† at the same time determine which sociological perspectives and paradigms that would apply to the characteristics of Toyota’s Japanese ethnicity as well as determine how it has given great impact to the success of TMC. This paper seeks to draw some answers to questions like has Japanese ethnicity posed more of a problem or an advantage to TMC? What techniques does TMC use on its people to be able to build and attain such reputation which won the confidence of the public to patronize TMC’s quality-made vehicles and services within a Western-dominated work area? What i s this Toyota Way? How does Japanese ethnicity affect the quality performance of TMC? This academic exercise would attempt to relate selected socio-ethnical principles to the established ethos or principles used by TMC as well as possibly draw out some answers whether these principles overlap, contradict or complement each other? It is then within these parameters that the discussion on this paper will revolve. On the other hand, the limitation of this paper will only be on the time frame used to feature actual conditions of TMC as this paper uses data and time series, specifically a year before to date or prior to the March 11, 2011 tsunami disaster and nuclear meltdown. Keywords: Toyota Way, Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, Corporate culture Toyota Motor Corporation’s Domain Before interpolating the sociological perspectives of ethnicity to TMC’s management principles and to understand better the subject understudy, it is important to have knowledge first of Toyota Motor Co rporation, its corporate philosophy, values, vision, and how it operates. TMC’s domain belongs to the automotive industry and thus, its main product is the automobile. However, â€Å"TMC today has expanded its business to other non-automotive related business activities to include: community livelihood support, education, financial services, among others. Their stakeholders include: customers, business partners (dealers and suppliers), investors, consumers, nongovernmental organisations government, community, stockholders.†(â€Å"Toyota Company Overview†, 2011) A Window to Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) Toyota’s Significant Achievements Through the years, â€Å"Toyota has repeatedly outperformed its competitors in quality, reliability, productivity, cost reduction, sales and market share growth, and market capitalization† (Spear, 2010). TMC, within its domain, has gained public confidence in the quality of its luxurious, economical and environmenta l-friendly vehicles and other hi-tech products it produced. It has also expanded to venture on enhanced advanced technology products like robotics, prototyped environment-friendly electric cabs; spearheaded activities that lessen carbon emission in the environment and in its other involvement related to its aspiration to actualize its corporate social responsibility. Not to forget, TMC has expanded also its non-automotive activities like community education and livelihood support packages as

In Shakespeares Macbeth various devices are used to present the weird sisters as integral to the plot Essay Example for Free

In Shakespeares Macbeth various devices are used to present the weird sisters as integral to the plot Essay In Shakespeares Macbeth various devices are used to present the weird sisters as integral to the plot. In a modern context, are they still plausible figures? So witherd and so wild in their attire, that look not like thinhabitants othearth, and yet are ont? This description of the three weird sisters given by Banquo on first setting eyes on them creates an illusion of hell like hags; decayed and disfigured creatures. They are unnatural: they seem to be women but are not. It is Banquo who thinks they are evil: What! Can the devil speak true? Macbeth does not. Macbeth is intrigued by the sisters and later tells Lady Macbeth that he burned in desire to question them further. Macbeth asks the witches to stay showing he is interested in their predictions; Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more. The sisters speak dangerous thoughts, the same perhaps already plaguing his mind. If their predictions were already thoughts in the back of Macbeths mind, then the sisters lack power over him at this point. By examining the first conversation he has with Lady Macbeth on first returning home from battle, And when goes hence, tomorrow as he purposes this could be seen as evidence of couple having discussed the downfall of Duncan on an earlier date. If this is true then the sisters could be seen as mere triggers; they release the fiery evil within Macbeth. The fact that the sisters are in the first scene of the play confirms that they are important characters and from what they say, When the hurlyburlys done, when the battles lost and won gives the impression they know what is going to pass in the rest of the play. They meet in foul weather and talk of thunder, lightening and the fog and filthy air, giving the audience a first impression that Macbeth is a dark, dangerous play in which the theme of evil is central. They embody a malign and demonic intelligence. Their information does tempt Macbeth-but it is crucial to remember: they do not invite him to murder Duncan or even suggest a thing. Information is morally neutral until human beings begin to interpret it. The three hags prophecy that Macbeth will be king, they make no inclination whatsoever how he will come about this regal title. A lingering question still remains; had Macbeth given thought to killing Duncan before, and if the sisters had not made their prophecy, would Macbeth have murdered Duncan that night at the castle? In fact this is an unanswerable question but at the same time also very crucial. For if the answer is yes, the sisters would no longer be integral to the plot but be there just for the means of a supernatural subplot. On the other hand taking it as is given in the play, the implications of this are that Macbeth relies wholly on the sisters to spur him on. Macbeth is not a fool he realises that the prophecies cannot be ill, cannot be good and the forecasts of the future must come at a cost. Later on though, Macbeth no doubt driven by the success of his murdering of Duncan, seems to forget the sisters haunt that none of woman born shall harm Macbeth and the movement of Birnam Wood. Banquos warning to Macbeth concerning the instruments of darkness might also be seen as prophetical; Macbeth is betrayed as a result of believing these truths, and he comes to realise this in his final confrontation with Macduff. As the play goes on Macbeth is mixing his conscious life with his subconscious and the weird sisters become like a drug for him; the more you get, the better you feel, the more you want. The weird sisters prophecies draw out the evil within Macbeth; everyone has the basis to be truly wicked but not all of us have the trigger to pull it off, most of us are too full of the milk of human kindness. Regarding Macbeth, the weird sisters were his trigger. The evil does not come from anywhere else other than human nature. The sisters have not completely managed to corrupt Macbeth though. Both before and after Duncans murder Macbeth shows signs that his own natural feelings are still present in his character and that the witches do not have total power over him. He is foul for the things that he has done but is somewhat fair as he still has a natural human conscience. Before the murder Macbeth thinks that it would be cruel to kill innocent Duncan: Besides, this Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek, Had I but died an hour before this chance I had lived a blessed time. His feelings about Duncans murder are very similar to those about Banquos murder although he only acted out the first himself. He is sick with worry and guilt about Banquos murder, so much so he is turned to near madness by the bloody ghost of Banquo haunting him. On stage, Shakespeare sought to make the Witches actable and recognisable to his audience.In Britain we either rationalise Witchcraft or mock it and we have the added problem of an audience having seen Macbeth a countless number of times, often in very unconvincing renditions of Double, double toil and trouble it has even become some what of a comic joke book. With hooked nosed women dressed in black with pointed hats chanting round a cauldron; not quite a depiction of three terrifying, blood curdling, residents of hell. Shakespeare himself had to make adjustments to keep up with stage fashion. Originally he had three devils in place of the weird sisters, but the theatrical currency of devils was already starting to devalue through overuse, and they were more likely to induce laughter than fear. James I who was on the throne when Macbeth was written, famously believed in witches, he even wrote the novel, Daemonologie on the subject. Yet, during the lifetime of the king, attitudes to stage witches shifted and they started down the same comic route as the devils before them. This might be why no one in the text of Macbeth uses the word witch. When Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, weird characters were deemed capable of prophecy. Macbeth makes the association when he asks why the sisters stop our way, with such prophetic greeting. The modern mind, though, hear the modern denotation of weird, which incidentally, is used to describe those bearded ladies who vanish into the air. Formerly, weird ladies; those who endowed prophetic powers, were presumed to have magical powers as well. Now, ladies who think they have magical powers are presumed to be weird or peculiar Therefore it is becoming increasingly more difficult to make a contemporary western materialistic audience believe in them. Directors struggle to think of new interpretations of how to represent them. Are they young or old, male or female, disfigured or beautiful? Or even to represent them with the appearance of normal human beings, for that in itself is probably the most frightening understanding. Robert Cohen, in his 1982 Colorado Shakespeare Festival production, cast three beautiful women as the witches. Dressed in topless gowns they seduced Macbeth into a life of crime and corruption; here the weird sisters were depicted as real women more psychic than supernatural. Perhaps they too like Macbeth had morality, but had all the goodness sucked away and the evil human nature was dragged out of them and they were left even more corrupt than Macbeth is, at least he has the next life; hell we assume, they have to spend eternity festering in this world. This of course would be going against Shakespeares description of them but in my opinion in order to create three plausible figures in a modern context it is essential to create three characters; if they do even have any character that will make todays critical and realistic mind really believe that they are looking upon true forces of evil, rather than three women in black cloaks chanting round a cauldron. Personally it would not be plausible in my mind that they would be able to take the evil out of a man, who could do such terrible deeds. Perhaps a modern interpretation might be that it is genetics which control the way people make decisions; for if a director were to stage a futuristic Macbeth with the weird sisters as genetic engineers controlling the future, this would gain the desired effect on the audience; pure fear. Also, at the same time keeping up with stage fashions, test tube babies; the idea of creating humans unnaturally. For all our scientific rationality, modern society still acknowledges that there are forces we cannot explain. Some people believe in supernatural phenomenon; ghosts witches, evil forces; others would explain everything as from within the human mind; for example Lady Macbeth who generates the evil is already within Macbeth, therefore are just plot devices, there to release it from him. Even though they cause no first hand evil themselves, they evil that they thus create by delivering their riddle like prophecies is integral to the tragedy of Macbeth and without them fair would not be foul and foul would not be fair.

Alien and Sedition Act :: essays research papers

You are back in the year 1798, the government has just passed a law saying what ever they do and create it will be the standard. You have no say or any comment on it, because frankly they just don’t care. You are now placed back in the year 2001, would it be possible to apply a law of such magnitude to our society today? I don’t think so. Our country is based upon individual rights, we are allowed to say what we feel, and do what we want. It is what has shaped our country into what it is today. The saying rubber makes things perfect is one such example. It is a pliable material and can be formed or molded into whatever shapes you need it be. Just as our nation is today, it is pliable to our society’s needs. The Alien and Sedition Act demolished this moral standard by passing 4 acts that deny the power of people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States at this time was faced with such economic and political problems domestically. Such economic problems as a trade barrier created such turmoil. In the text it is described that Spain, England and France on conditions of trade by saying that â€Å"Immediately following the war, Britain, France, and Spain are all restricted from American trade with the colonial states.† Our nation was also faced with one such problem as debt. The wars and battles our great nation has gone through in the past has created such a debt at this point in time that is almost not comprehendible for any normal human. In order to regain a financial balance the federalist came up with 3 solutions. They created an executive cabinet made up of heads of departments and they created a Judiciary Act of 1789. The Judiciary Act allowed for laws to be declared unconstitutional and put power back at a National level instead of state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamilton came up with 3 reports to also help out with the debt our nation was facing. His first report was upon Pubic Credit, it stated that the nation would consolidate the debt at a national and state level, paying off the debt in face value, and would shift the power to the National Government. In Hamilton’s second report, he continued to set apart and distinguish between lower class and the aristocracy of the nation. Hamilton accomplished his separation by instating the First Bank of the United States.

Weekly Topics

Topics for in-class Debates Chapter 1 â€Å"Mason talked about self-actualization as the zenith of human fulfillment. You can only fulfill yourself by owning your future. That's what entrepreneurs do. Therefore if you are not an entrepreneur, you will never be any good† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 2 â€Å"In order to succeed in business, you must first slay three dragons – family, friends and religion† – discuss pro and against.Chapter 4 â€Å"The ends will always Justify the meaner. If you own face book no one cares if you are a good bloke† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 5 â€Å"Anyone can be an entrepreneur. Ideas are like the police. There is always one around the next corner† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 6 â€Å"Entrepreneurs are made not born† – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 9 â€Å"Entrepreneur or manager, you can't be both† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 10 Mimi d on't need to be an entrepreneur to sell rice to China.You Just need a good advertising agency' – discuss pro and against. Chapter 13 â€Å"A good lawyer can make anything ethical, given enough money and political influence† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 14 1 . â€Å"The best entrepreneurs are White, Christian and come from First World cultures† – discuss pro and against. Chapter 16 ‘Every plan fails contact' – Erwin Roomer. Business plans are useless – Discuss pro and against. Chapter 8 â€Å"The bigger the ship, the harder it is to turn. You can't change big bureaucratic companies internally' – Discuss pro and against.

A Perspective on Water Crisis Essay

Global water crisis is one of the biggest problems that the world is facing. Freshwater resources are increasingly becoming scarce today and probably for the next decades. Less than one-half of 1% of all the water on the planet comprises the available fresh and clean water (Maude). Humans already used more than half of the world’s clean fresh water and by the year 2025 the consumption of freshwater will increase to three-quarters. Global water consumption becomes double every 20 years and if this trend continues, the supply of freshwater will not be enough for the demand of the world’s population by 2025. World Bank and World Heath Organization noted that there are about 2 billion people have no access to clean and safe water and about 1 billion people have no enough clean water to meet their daily water requirements. Depleted water resources are attributed to the intensive urbanization, deforestation, water diversion, industrial farming and population growth. As the world population increases, the consumption of accessible freshwater may grow six-fold (Maude). As a result of water crisis, lots of people suffer and die from water and sanitation related diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, and hepatitis. Unfortunately, most of the poorest countries in the globe are the ones who are experiencing water shortage. Uganda is located at the Sub-Saharan Africa and is among the poorest countries around the globe. The country relies solely on agricultural industry however, less than half of the arable land is subject for cultivation. Large part of the land area (more or less 82%) of the country is arable, however more than 67% of the country has poor ferralitic soil which has nearly lost its mineral content due to prolonged weathering. Thus, proper soil management is needed for the soil to regain its lost nutrients. The economy of the country has a great potential, considering the potentials of its agriculture and natural resources. There is a great possibility that Uganda will recover from difficulties, most especially from poverty. However, due to some existing problems that the country is facing, it seems to be difficult for Uganda to escape from poverty. One of the biggest problems that the country is facing today is water crisis. Water crisis definitely affect the country as a whole contributes to Uganda’s poverty and worsen her current situation (Dauda, 2003). The country of Uganda is definitely endowed with water resources. About 18% of the total surface area of the country is covered with renewable water resources including lakes, rivers and wetlands. Approximately, it can supply an individual of Uganda with 2,800 m of water in a year (Dauda, 2003). These fresh water resources are considered as the essential resource for sustaining life, preserving the environment, uphold development and alleviating poverty in the country. It has direct impact the quality of life of Ugandans and their productivity as a whole. Water is very essential to Uganda since it plays an essential role in the production of sufficient supply of food for the country as well as supplying electric power all over the country. It is the key resource of the country’s agriculture, food processing and other agro-industries which provides employment to the people of Uganda. Aside from supporting Uganda’s agriculture and industry, water also provides electric power to the country. Indeed, it is the source of hydropower which is the country’s main resource of abundant and cheap electric power. The socio-economic development of the country depends solely on the energy produced from hydropower. Inadequate power supply cannot support Uganda’s large-scale manufacturing industries and agro-industries which may lead to low economic level of the country (National Water Development Report, 2005). The major freshwater resources of Uganda include rainfall, surface or open water and groundwater. Rainfall is the most vital source of freshwater of the country. The rainfall pattern in the country greatly influences the land use potential and consequently the population distribution. The rainfall pattern of Uganda is influenced by the local topography and the presence of Lake Victoria. Rainfall in Uganda tends to increase with altitude; meanwhile, rainfall is apt to decrease with the distance from the lake. High rainfall is noted on the central and western parts of Lake Victoria and over the mountain. Another factor that determines the occurrence of rainfall is the country’s season. The most stable rain season in Uganda is from the months of March to May; meanwhile, the reported variable rainy months in Uganda is from October to December (National Water Development Report, 2005). The major freshwater resources of Uganda are in the form of lakes and rivers. These open sources are often used for the supply of hydropower in the country. The major resources of hydropower in Uganda are the Nile River and Lake Victoria. Lake Victoria supports the fisheries industry of Uganda and provide water supply to the majority of people of Uganda. Indeed, the Lake is also supporting the agriculture industry along its shoreline (National Water Development Report, 2005). However, the Lake’s potential use for the future is now in question since it is experiencing dying up which leads to lower water levels. The available water left in Lake Victoria may not be enough to sustain the required hydroelectric power generation (Xinhua News Agency). Other water bodies include Kyoga, Albert, George, Edward, Ruizi, Katonga, Kafu, Mpologoma and Aswa (National Water Development Report, 2005). Some of these lakes, most especially those on the western and central part are also drying up due to drought which threatens the cattle industry in the area. Cattles have little access to water which may lead to lower production rate and low quality of Cattles (Xinhua News Agency). In addition to drought, the quality of surface water has been deteriorating with time. In most parts of the country, surface and ground water are already polluted due to increased urbanization and population as well as human activities such as poor agricultural practices, poor sanitation practices, industrial waste discharge, and mining activities (National Water Development Report, 2005). Aquifers, which can only be generated and recharged by endogenous precipitation, are also essential resource of freshwater in Uganda. It is the major source of water in rural, semi-arid and arid areas in the country. The occurrence of groundwater is highly dependent on the geologic formation in the country. Uganda is endowed with productive aquifers water; this can be attributed to the geology of Uganda which is dominated by crystalline Basement Complex of pre-Cambrian age. More than 90% of the country is underlie by different kinds of rocks which predominantly include granites, granitoid gneisses and gneisses. Ground water resources are generally found on the underground layer of unconsolidated materials such as weathered bedrock, silt and clay. This groundwater can only be extracted through wells. The highest yielding and productive groundwater can be found in weathered-fractured bedrock which has high permeability (National Water Development Report, 2005). In general, the groundwater of Uganda is in good and sound condition. There are no traces of toxic substances that may threaten the health of the people in Uganda. Moreover, these aquifers have significant amount of minerals such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium metal cations, chloride, iron, manganese and chromium that may not cause harm to the people of Uganda. Consequently, there are few parts of the country that are found to have high amounts of these minerals and have traces of high nitrate and chromium levels in some areas. Aside from high amount of minerals, it was also reported that some parts of the country have found to be positive in Coliform bacteria. Contamination of the aquifers is attributed to deterioration of the borehole casings, leaching of sewage wastes, weathering of aquifer environment as well as poor sanitation condition in the areas around the aquifers (National Water Development Report 2005). In general, the availability and preservation of water resources in Uganda solely relies on various environmental, sociological and cultural factors. The availability of freshwater resources depends on the distribution of water bodies on the country. It is known that freshwater resources in Uganda constitute a great part of the country. However, due to its uneven distribution and seasonality, availability of water is still a big problem on most parts of the country. Ugandans find it difficult to have an easy access to fresh and clean water. Women together with their young are spending so much time and energy on walking a mile-long way just to fetch water from areas with sufficient supply of clean water. The uneven distribution of water resources in the country also influences the agro-industry in the country. Cattle raisers tend to transfer from place to place just to find safe and sufficient water for the cattles. As a result, disease spread and transfer brought by the cattles becomes prevalent on various regions of the country (Xinhua News Agency). Meanwhile, uneven distribution of groundwater greatly influenced the accessibility of Ugandans to clean water. Regions endowed with productive groundwater are indeed rich in geological characteristics (National Water Development Report 2005). The occurrence of extreme weather conditions has a great effect on the availability and safety of water on the country. Heavy rains may cause to flooding and consequently may contaminate the water resources of the some regions in the country. Contaminated water may result to more serious problems such as disease outbreaks, epidemics and even death. Contaminated water is the key reason to the high and increasing mortality rate of Ugandans especially of infants (National Water Development Report 2005). It is reported that most number of mortality occurs on infants and this can be attributed to less accessibility to clean and safe water. Meanwhile, erratic rainfall and seasonality of the occurrence of rainfall in the country resulted to desertification of arable lands. These definitely affect several industries in the country especially those that greatly depend on water (i. e. agricultural industries) (Dauda, 2003). Some of the suspected major reasons of water resources deterioration in Uganda are rapid growth population, urbanization, industrialization, relentless environmental degradation and deforestation as well as pollution. High population density greatly influenced the availability of water resources in Uganda. The population of Uganda in 2007 is approximately 30. 9 million and more than half of it is comprised of infants. The country has an average annual growth rate of 3. 4% which is one of the highest growth rates in the globe. The demand for water relatively increased while the supply decreased with high population density. And as what the country is experiencing, there is no enough clean water for all. Increased population accompanied by urbanization and industrialization resulted to increased pollution and deforestation. Most of the land bodies are converted to industries which produces toxic wastes that pollute the environment especially water bodies. This contributes to the decreased supply of water in Uganda. Depleted water supply is also attributed to poor agricultural practices in the country such as cultivation, pastoral activities, and livestock practices. Poor sanitation is also identified as a possible cause of freshwater shortage in Uganda. Some of the land owners that cultivate their own lands seem to be unaware of environmentally sustainable practices. They have poor knowledge on these methods that they do any practices which may pollute their environment. These practices accompanied by poor sanitation will indeed bring negative effect on Uganda’s environment. Poor sanitation practices are among the factors that contribute to depleted water supply and water related diseases in Uganda. Fetching and purifying water are very labor intensive, considering the distance that Ugandans walk just to obtain clean and safe water. They often share and obtain polluted water from water resources where farm animals usually dwell. However, as an everyday routine, it became arduous to the people of Uganda to fetch water from distance places and to consume so much time purifying the water that they fetched. People tend to ignore the hazard that the contaminated water may bring them; they just drink the water as ease without purifying it. As a result, development of water related diseases became prevalent in Uganda (Dauda, 2003). Another major factor that leads to water shortage in Uganda is global warming. Majority of Uganda’s water table, especially the northern and northeastern part is dry due to global warming and environmental degradation (Dauda, 2003). Global warming may also contribute to the occurrence on the extreme weather condition in the country such as El Nino and La Nina. Moreover, these parts of the country are experiencing wide fluctuations in the availability of water between wet and dry seasons as well as variations in the onset of rainfall as a result of the extreme weather conditions (National Water Development Report 2005). Prolonged drought, which leads to drying up of significant water tables of Uganda, has also threatened the food security in the country. Due to prolonged drought, production of staple foods of Ugandans such as sorghum and millet relatively decreased (EuropaWorld). Just like any other country, Uganda is rich in traditions and belief. They value their culture so much it comes to a point that their beliefs and traditions hinder the possibility of development in their country. There are existing cultural norms that are related to the water bodies in Uganda. Some of the water bodies in Uganda are believed to have special healing powers for many diseases and supernatural dwellers as well. Moreover, these water bodies have potentials for many significant uses such as hydropower resource and irrigation for agricultural industries. However, due to close cultural attachment of people of Uganda to these water resources, the government found it difficult to create potential programs that will optimize the use of the water resources in the country (National Water Development Report 2005). Aside from various problems stated previously that have great impact on freshwater availability, Uganda’s neighboring regions seem to contribute on the water crisis that it is experiencing. Majority of Uganda’s freshwater resources have existing crossing frontiers which bound the country from maximizing its use on its own water resources within its territory. Though they have legal riparian rights to have a share on the water resources, these transboundaries definitely affect the socio-economic growth of the country since water is considered to be as the key player in the development of Uganda (Encounter Uganda Well Health). For one thing, these transboundaries serve as the main competitors of Uganda from the available water resources. People of Uganda have little access to large water resources since they are restricted to come across the boundary of another country. Moreover, these crossing frontiers not only prevent Uganda from optimizing its available freshwater resources but source of food and employment as well (National Water Development Report 2005). In order to unravel the existing problems in Uganda, its government decided to make some modifications on its various sectors, most especially the water sector. Several studies and situational analyses are conducted by the water sector that leads to preparation of comprehensive strategy of water sector and investment strategies. The government has anticipated many factors and they made it possible that the strategies may still be implemented on the sector up to 2015. The government has already started implementing some of the strategies and one of these is Sector Wide Approach to Planning (SWAP). SWAP requires all stakeholders to participate in the planning and implementation of the sector’s activities while optimizing benefits for all. The strategy has provided a regular budget on the programs that are made which is relatively different to the previous programs that the sector has made (National Water Development Report 2005). Another significant program that also aimed to promote sustainable management and development of water resources of the riparian regions is the Collaborative Partnership Program. The program is focused in improving the coordination of efforts of the different stakeholders. The program is also focused on harmonizing strategies and plans that involves sustainable management and development of the shared water resources. This makes Uganda very eager to have a close relationship with its neighboring regions. Uganda became enthusiastic with regard to making joint plan, management and development of the water resources that they shared. Uganda’s aim on making collaboration with her transboundaries is for all of them to obtain fair benefits from the water resources as well as to ensure that they will get sufficient supply of clean water. Fair utilization and consumption of shared water provide a high opportunity for sustainable use of resources as well as sustainable growth and development. Moreover, Uganda will be able to support its economic and social objectives through collaborating with its cross frontiers (National Water Development Report 2005). The riparian countries including Uganda will have comparable advantages from the equitable use of shared water. While building a close relationship with the riparian countries, the potentials of the existing industries in Uganda may be developed through collaboration with her neighboring regions. Advancement in its industries may lead to economic development of the country and in turn advancement on the quality of life and well being of its whole nation. Meanwhile, there are potential conflicts identified in the implementation of collaboration program between the riparian countries. Aside from the common objective that the riparian countries agreed on making the joint collaboration, these countries also have different interests which make a potential conflict between them. They made plans and implemented projects which do not take into consideration the wide coverage of the shared water resources. They do not anticipate the possible conflicts that may arise by implanting their plans. As a result, some of their individual plans for the development of their own countries are contradicting with the plans of other countries. Plans of other countries will not be possible if other countries’ plan will be allowed. Another issue that makes the joint program complicated is the mistrust among the cross frontiers. This issue seems to be unavoidable since the riparian countries have different objectives and interest in joining the joint program. They refuse to show their own data regarding the shared water resources as well as information of their plans and strategies. Since the riparian countries have no idea of the plans and programs of other riparian countries there are instances that the individual projects implemented are the same with other countries (National Water Development Report 2005). The last issue identified is the restoration of the environment. One of the minor objectives of the joint program is to conserve the environment; however, it is found to be difficult to implement their plans and projects while not taking into consideration the possible negative effect that it may bring to their environment. The main concern here is the methods of the activities and projects as well as the way these are conducted. Countries located on the downstream of the shared water resources are threatened by the possible effect of the activities that the upstream countries are conducting. Also due to mistrust, they are not guaranteed that the upstream countries are performing the activities in a proper way. It is essential that both the upstream and downstream countries will conduct their programs and projects in such a way that these programs will not affect that conservation of environment that they are promoting in the country. Through this little start, there will be a great possibility that their countries will surpass big problems such as water crisis and most of all poverty. References Barlow, Maude. The global water crisis and the Commodification of the world’s water supply A Special Report issued by the International Forum on Globalization (IFG). Retrieved May 30, 2008, from http://www. thirdworldtraveler. com/Water/Global_Trade_BG. html Toure, Dauda. 2003. The Millennium Development Goals Progress Report for Uganda. Retrieved May30, 2008, from http://www. undg. org/archive_docs/6197-Denmark_MDG_Report. pdf 2005. National Water Development Report: Uganda. Retrieved May 30, 2008, from http://www. unesdoc. unesco. org/images/0014/001467/146760E. pdf Xinhua News Agency. 2006. Lakes in Uganda dry up due to prolonged drought. Retrieved May 29, 2008, from highbeam. com/doc database. Encounter Uganda Well Health. Retrieved May 29, 2008 from water_website database. EuropaWorld. 2003, February 21. Northern Uganda: The Forgotten Crisis. Retrieved May 29, 2008, from http://www. europaworld. org/week117/northernuganda21203. htm

Palladium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Palladium Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements Palladium  is a silvery-white metallic element with atomic number 46 and element symbol Pd. In daily life, its most often found in jewelry, dentistry, and catalytic converters for automobiles. Here is a collection of useful and interesting palladium facts: Essential Palladium Facts Atomic Number: 46 Symbol: Pd Atomic Weight: 106.42 Discovery: William Hyde Wollaston 1802 (England) Wollaston noted his discovery of the metal in 1802 and offered the purified element for sale in 1803, although there was some controversy regarding the discovery. Richard Chenevix believed Wollastons palladium to be a platinum-mercury alloy. Chenevixs palladium experiments earned him the 1803 Copley Medal, but its clear Wollaston did at least partially purify the element. He dissolved platinum order from South America in aqua regia, neutralized it with sodium hydroxide and precipitated out the platinum. Reacting the remaining material with mercuric cyanide formed palladium(II) cyanide, which was heated to yield the purified element. Electron Configuration: [Kr] 4d10 Word Origin: Palladium was named for the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered approximately the same time (1803). Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom. Properties: Palladium has a melting point of 1554 °C, boiling point of 2970 °C, specific gravity of 12.02 (20 °C), and valence of 2, 3, or 4. It is a steel-white metal which does not tarnish in air. Palladium has the lowest melting point and density of the platinum metals. Annealed palladium is soft and ductile, but it becomes much stronger and harder through coldworking. Palladium is attacked by nitric acid and sulfuric acid. At room temperature, the metal can absorb up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen. Palladium can be beaten into leaf as thin as 1/250,000 of an inch. Uses: Hydrogen readily diffuses through heated palladium, so this method is often used to purify the gas. Finely divided palladium is used as a catalyst for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Palladium is used as an alloying agent and for making jewelry and in dentistry. White gold is an alloy of gold which has been decolorized by the addition of palladium. The metal is also used to make surgical instruments, electrical contacts, professional transverse flutes, and watches. In photography, palladium is an alternative to silver, used in the platinotype printing process. Sources: Palladium is found with other metals of the platinum group and with nickel-copper deposits. The primary commercial sources are the Norilsk-Talnakh deposits in Siberia and the nickel-copper deposits of the Sudbury Basic in Ontario, Canada. Russia is the primary producer. It may be produced in a nuclear fission reactor from spent nuclear fuel. Health Effects: Palladium, like the other platinum group metals, is mostly inert in the body as a bulk metal. However, there are reports of contact dermatitis, particularly in persons allergic to nickel. This causes problems when palladium is used in jewelry or dentistry. In addition to these uses, environmental exposure to palladium comes from release by automotive catalytic converters, food, and workplace exposure. Soluble compounds of palladium are excreted from the body within 3 days (99 percent). In mice, the median lethal dose of soluble palladium compounds (e.g., palladium chloride) is 200 mg/kg orally and 5 mg/kg intraveneously. Palladium is poorly absorbed and its toxicity is considered low, but it may be carcinogenic. Most plants tolerate it when it is present in low concentrations, although it is lethal to water hyacinth. Palladium serves no known biological role. Currency: Palladium, gold, silver, and platinum are the only metals that have ISO currency codes. The codes for palladium are XPD and 964. Cost: The price for palladium continues to rise. In 2016, palladium cost about $614 per ounce. In 2018, it reached $1100 per ounce. Element Classification: Transition Metal PalladiumPhysical Data Density (g/cc): 12.02 Melting Point (K): 1825 Boiling Point (K): 3413 Appearance: silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal Atomic Radius (pm): 137 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 8.9 Covalent Radius (pm): 128 Ionic Radius: 65 (4e) 80 (2e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.244 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 17.24 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 372.4 Debye Temperature (K): 275.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.20 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 803.5 Oxidation States: 4, 2, 0 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.890 Return to the Periodic Table References Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 0-8493-0485-7.Meija, J.; et al. (2016). Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305Wollaston, W. H. (1805). On the Discovery of Palladium; With Observations on Other Substances Found with Platina. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 95: 316–330. doi:10.1098/rstl.1805.0024Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Tips for Urban Stargazers

Tips for Urban Stargazers Stargazing in the city? Why not?  Just because someone lives in an urban environment doesnt mean they cant do a little sky observing. Sure, its a bit tougher because of bright lights and overall light pollution, but it can be done.   Most articles  about stargazing  recommend finding a good, dark-sky observing site. But for someone living in the city, who cant get to a dark-sky reservations, its tempting to just stay inside and look at the stars on a computer screen. However, it turns out, there are ways to do some city observing, despite the problems posed by light pollution. Much of the worlds population lives in or near cities, so enthusiastic city stargazers can and do find ways to do back-yard or rooftop observing.   Explore the Solar System The Sun, Moon, and planets are readily accessible because theyre bright. The Sun is an obvious choice, but observers do need to take some strict precautions. NEVER look directly at the Sun with the naked eye and especially NOT through binoculars or a scope that dont have solar filters. If an observer has a  telescope  equipped with a solar filter, then they can look at it through the eyepiece, to see the sunspots and any prominences that might be moving up from the Suns surface.  As it turns out, however, theres a very low-tech way to see sunspots without filters. Heres how it works: let the Sun shine through the telescope, and direct the bright light onto a white wall or a piece of paper. The observer gets to see sunspots without burning their eyes out. In fact,  a number of successful sunspot observers use this method all the time. That method also makes it very easy to sketch sunspots since all the observer has to do is direct the view onto paper and then trace what is projected. Checking out the Moon The Moon is also a great target for city viewing. Watch it night after night (and in the daytime during part of the month), and chart how its appearance changes. Its possible to explore its surface with binoculars, and get really finely-detailed views with a good telescope. One popular pastime is to explore all the large basins and craters on the surface.  Another one is to look for mountains and cracks on the surface.   One thing to look for during an observing session is an iridium flare. Thats a glint of light from the surface of an Iridium satellite. These usually happen not long after sunset and are very bright, so bright then can be seen from cities. However, as Iridium satellitesd are gradually phased out, such flares will happen less and less frequently. Seeing Planets from the City The planets are also good targets for city skygazers. The rings of Saturn and the moons of Jupiter  are popular targets. Plus, they show up well in binoculars or a telescope. There are good observing guides to the planets in the pages of Astronomy, Sky Telescope, SkyNews  magazines, as well as many sources online in other languages. A  digital astronomy program or app, such as StarMap 2 or Stellarium also provide precise positions of the Moon and planets in the sky.   The Deep Sky From the Big City Unfortunately, many people who live in light-polluted areas have never (or rarely) seen the Milky Way. During a power outage, theres a chance of seeing it from the city, but otherwise, it can be very difficult to spot unless they can get a few miles outside of town.   But, all is not lost. There are  some deep-sky objects that city dwellers can try to find. They just need to get out of the way of lights. One trick that many urban observers use is to stay up after midnight when some building owners turn off their outside lights. That might allow a view of such things as the Orion Nebula, the Pleiades star cluster, and some of the brighter star clusters. Other tricks for city observers: Find places to observe from that are shielded from bright nearby lights, such as a corner of a porch, the top of a roof and next to a wall, or from a balcony;Some put a blanket over their heads and their telescopes to block out the direct light;City astrophotographers take long-exposure images of deep sky objects;Use  good star chats  that help a skygazer hop from star to star as you search out a cluster or a nebula.   Ask the Locals Local planetarium theaters often offer stargazing shows, where people can learn the night sky.  They might also have classes for stargazers, so check out the nearby facilities to see what they offer. They are often found in science centers, but also at universities and some school districts offer public access from time to time. Amateur astronomer groups in and near big cities often have observing nights where people can gather with others to do some sky exploration. For example, in New York City, the Friends of the High Line organization have weekly observing sessions from April through October. Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles holds star parties each month, and its telescope is available each week for a peek at the heavens. These are just two of many, many stargazing activities in towns and cities. Also, dont forget the local college and university observatories- they often have observing nights, too. The city might seem like the least likely place to catch a glimpse of the stars, but in cities from downtown New York to Shanghai to Bombay and beyond, people can still often see the brightest stars and planets. It may be a challenge, but the rewards are worth it.

Effects of Cybercrime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of Cybercrime - Essay Example E-crimes are very sophisticated and target consumers, public and private institutions (Wall). Computer crimes range from outside parties hacking the computer networks and phish in malicious programs that give users a deceitful sense of security, instigating them to disclose vital information. Some of the effects of cybercrimes are: The greatest effect of cybercrime is the loss of intellectual property as well as confidential information of the business. However, it is not easy to determine the exactly the extent of the losses. Partially, cybercrime is not a zero-game because the stolen information is not fully gone. Infiltrators steal only the company plans including the customer lists and the working strategies (Westby). Amazingly, the company may not be aware that it is no longer in control of the information flow and they are controlled outside their infrastructure. The spies take control of the company’s network and access the information that runs the institution. More often, such infiltrators are the company’s competitors who wish to make similar products and compete equally. Even though they cannot produce exactly the same product, the idea is leaked out. The spies having the intellectual information can compete in the market, and the victim company may be grounded in its operations. This is because the competitor may produce cheap products that attract many customers in the market (Brenner). Every business entity strives to be unique in its operation. This implies that every organization has to conceal its vital information to be peculiar and be attractive to the customers. Such vital information may be stored in the computers and network framework of the organization. Although it may take some time for stolen IP to appear in the competing product, there is no deferment in monetizing abducted vital business information. For

Internal & external analyses of Lion Nathan Essay

Internal & external analyses of Lion Nathan - Essay Example This paper attempts to analyze the sustainable competitive advantage of Lion Nathan using SWOT (Strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats) analysis, in which potential improvements may be seen in the identified weaknesses and threats, without overlooking its good points posed as strengths. Lion Nathan can be acknowledged for its strengths in terms of identifying its core purpose in the business, alongside its vision of making itself Australia’s and New Zealand’s leading alcoholic beverage company. This is undertaken with a stronghold on the company’s identity in the wine industry while making known its values of integrity, passion, acing together, and being sociable. These values, particularly the last one, are usually not found in other beverage companies, making Lion Nathan surge up to its sustainability purposes. It may also be emphasized that beverage companies are not that easy to build positive values and carry them out to the wider public due to the very nature of the business, but Lion Nathan is able to identify values that may be appropriately attached to the product. This is suggestive of leading and living clear values alongside demonstrating constructive behaviors with an intent to better engage its stakeholders in the business, a stra tegic task that is proved both effective and workable. This is how the company provides sustainable competitive advantage. The company’s aim of acting with integrity and doing the right thing for the long-term health of its business and the communities in which it operates is indicative of a long-term perspective. These are the strengths of Lion Nathan in terms of sustainable competitive advantage. The company’s involvement is sustained investment in community partnerships, responsible marketing initiatives, education and research initiatives, and reducing its

Contemporary Middle East History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Contemporary Middle East History - Essay Example While not completely Western but also combined with Islamic ideals, the Ottoman Empire presented different challenges for the Middle East than the British and French Empires. The Ottomans demonstrated a semi-Islamic influence in the region. This means that while initially embracing some Islamic ideals, the Ottomans later rejected others and according to Islamic perceptions in the Middle East, the Ottomans while at first more favorable than the British and French Empires were eventually seen as un-Islamic (Gelvin 2005; Khatar, 2004). While many in the region may blame so-called imperialists - (whether they be Ottomans, British-French or American) - for the conditions in the region, the failure of nationalist successive governments to take control of their own destiny is an inherent problem in the Middle East and until today needs to be adequately addressed and confronted (Huntington, 1996). As Huntington (1996) notes 'Western style democracy' in the Middle East has served to increase anti-Western political forces. The history of how and why this rage against Western style democracy can be seen in the social, political, technological and economic forces that have been imposed upon the Middle East via successive colonial administrations. The Ottoman Empire under the absolute rule of Sultan Seleyman had the responsibility of guaranteeing complete justice or adala among the governed. This idea has both Islamic and Turco-Persian aspects. Borrowing from Hebraic traditions, the idea of distributive justice is modeled after King Solomon in the Old Testament who according to Islamic political theory was a considered a seminal figure in distributive justice. This idea encapsulates the Western notion of justice hence the Western portion of political rule during the Ottoman Empire that regarding fairness and equity. Additionally and importantly, the Islamic portion of justice was that notion it be inclusive for all including the lowest individuals in the power structure. As stated within the Koran Allah admonishes the followers of Islam to act equitably "you who believe! Be upright for Allah, bearers of witness with justice, and let not hatred of a people incite you not to act equitably; act equitably, that is nearer to piety , and he careful of (your duty to) Allah; surely Allah is Aware of what you do" (The Dinner Table, 5.8). In terms of economic and social life the Ottoman Empire attempted to include all members of the Empire no matter how powerless. Although seemingly removed ideologically from the society the Ottoman Sultan followed a set of siyasa laws, which included the severe punishment of government officials if they were believed to have abused their powers. Such abuses included illegally taxing or forcing the labor of peasants, forcibly requiring them to give food to soldiers or forcibly staying in their homes (Khatar, 2004; Gelvin, 2005). The punishment for these crimes usually included the death penalty. In terms of social structure and relations, the Ottoman Empire can be considered one of the first to quantify public opinion and therefore demonstrates how public opinion was considered very important in legitimating the power of the Sultan. If the Sultan did not have favorable public opinion and more negative public opinion cultivated by its adversaries then the Sultan would be sure to fall. In order to cultivate and maintain positive favor among the public in support of the Sultan